A Critical Analysis of Strategies that Promote Inclusive Practice in As

This article will inspect two evaluation procedures, right off the bat that of perception and besides, The Common Assessment Framework (2007), so as to fundamentally dissect their capability to advance comprehensive practice in appraisal. It will exhibit the reason and goal behind these evaluation methodologies and the utilization of appraisal for a scope of purposes drawing on current issues practically speaking and talking about measures utilized by professionals. It will likewise exhibit the significance of coordinated effort between experts, students and guardians to guarantee conscious and shared appraisal work on indicating a consciousness of the significance of thinking about legitimacy of substance and strategy to help the children’s learning and progress and the requirement for cautious assessment and balance of evaluation discoveries. As indicated by Gipps (1994), appraisal can be characterized as the utilization of a wide scope of techniques utilized for assessing execution, achievement and requirements, including formal testing and assessments, handy and oral evaluation and study hall based appraisal and perception. Appraisal methodologies can be portrayed as a procedure that sorts out activities and thoughts, for the most part in a bit by bit design, which help to manage experts in completing an evaluation. Appraisal can be sorted into developmental, summative, demonstrative and evaluative. Developmental evaluation, which is the consistent utilization of appraisal to manage the instructing and learning process, empowers the positive accomplishment of understudies to be perceived, and educates choices taken about the following fitting phase of learning. Summative evaluation is what normally happens toward the finish of a program of learning so as to discover what has been realized and what standard the understudy has ... ...d specialist certainty and self conviction. Additionally, more investigation into the effect of the CAF procedure and methods of attempting to ease the work burden, as prompting CAF’s is viewed as adding to this, by numerous callings. To close, this article has inspected perception and The Common Assessment Framework as evaluation methodologies, and has fundamentally investigated their capability to advance comprehensive practice in appraisal. It has shown the reason and goals behind every procedure and the utilization of appraisal for a scope of purposes drawing on current issues by and by. It has likewise examined the significance of joint effort among experts and members to guarantee aware and shared appraisal work on, featuring the significance of thinking about unwavering quality, legitimacy, nearness of predisposition and comprehensive practice, in supporting children’s learning and progress.

Hydrogen bonds are extremely strong bonds which jo Essay Example For Students

Hydrogen bonds are very solid bonds which jo Essay in particles of moderately little mass. This quirk makes the one of a kind properties related with substances with hydrogen holding, particularly in H20. In many intensifies, the extremity of its components negligibly affects the dipole powers which interface them. Be that as it may, when hydrogen bonds to a little and exceptionally electronegative molecule, for example, N, O, or F, the distinction in electronegativity between the iotas makes the mutual electrons partner less with the hydrogen. Electrons, which typically circle about both reinforced molecules, are more pulled in to the core of the N, O, or F, than to the proton of the hydrogen particle. Accordingly, the hydrogen iota basically loses its electron cloud and accept the properties of a solitary proton. This permits it to get a couple of unshared electrons from another close by molecule of N, O, or F. Hydrogen holding can just happen with the three referenced iotas in light of the fact that their electronegativity is suff iciently extraordinary to draw in the hydrogen electron. All the more significantly, the little hydrogen iota and little nuclear radii of the others permit the unshared electrons to come near the hydrogen molecule. In bigger particles, as the unshared electrons endeavored to bond with the hydrogen, they would be repulsed by the electrons of the iota on the opposite side of the hydrogen.As an aftereffect of the disassociation of its electron and capacity to bond with two electronegative molecules, hydrogen bonds are one of the most grounded dipole powers, (however not so solid as covalent bonds). As a result of the solid bonds, the breaking points of hydrogen-reinforced substances are a lot higher than the normal breaking points decided through molar mass patterns. More vitality is expected to break a hydrogen bond, raising the warmth of vaporization. In water, the hydrogen bond adds to huge numbers of its one of a kind properties. The high warmth of vaporization makes water be an in its fluid or strong state under most conditions. Since life on earth began in fluid water, it was basic for water to stay in this state for most of the water cycle. In light of this trouble in breaking bonds interfacing H20 atoms, water likewise has a high explicit warmth, 4.184 J/g C . This permits water to not be influenced by slight temperature changes, and makes it moderate the atmosphere, cooling during the hot days, and warming the air during the chilly night. It is therefore that abandons experience such sensational temperature limits, and islands keep up a consistent all year atmosphere. Additionally significant, is the impact of hydrogen bonds on ice. At the point when water freezes, the O particles are attached to four hydrogens: two covalent bonds and two hydrogen bonds to other H20 atoms. The covalent bonds are shorter than the hydrogen bo nd, making the atoms bond in hexagonal precious stones with void space within. This causes the characteristic of water where its solidified state is less thick than its strong state. Such a property makes lakes and streams freeze starting from the top, a significant thought in the advancement of life. At the point when lakes solidified, early stage life forms could even now harp on the floor, permitting them to make due through the winters.

How to Get More Women to Start a Company

How to Get More Women to Start a Company Women are now playing bigger roles in small businesses in the United States. According to data from the National Association of Women Business Owners, in 2014, there were about 9 million companies run by women in the U.S. Those businesses employed nearly 8 million workers and recorded nearly $1.4 trillion in sales that year. © Shutterstock.com | ImageFlowDespite those numbers, there is much more to be done to increase this number even further. In this article we will look at 1) why women hold back from starting businesses, 2) how to encourage women to start a company, 3) business ideas for women, and 4) successful women-run businesses.WHY WOMEN HOLD BACK FROM STARTING BUSINESSESBefore discussing how to get more women to venture out into the world of entrepreneurship, it is important to understand some reasons that may be holding these women back in the first place. An understanding of these issues can help formulate a starting point for creating an enabling environment for women who want to strike out on their own.Myths about Women EntrepreneursThere are many myths about why women should not start a company that in general are not true.Myth 1: It Is Impossible for Women to Succeed as EntrepreneursThere is an assumption that a woman-owned business will be a small one, both in terms of revenue and in the size of the operation. The second assumption is that the business will center on craft work or other similar female- or child-centered products. A third assumption she faces is that her husband must be her partner or she could only be an entrepreneur because she is married to one. All these are false, as there are many women running a company with millions in revenue on her own while their husbands have their own business.Myth 2: Women Are Less Entrepreneurial Than MenSome female entrepreneurs say this is true only because women have fewer role models and can most often not see themselves as an entrepreneur. Many women want to become entrepreneurs but eventually turn back to their other jobs.Myth 3: Women Are Less Successful as Entrepreneurs Than in Corporate JobsAccording to Facebook executive Sheryl Sandberg’s famous book Lean In  women who “lean in” can be successful to a point when working in the corporate world. She then cites her own example of wanting more for herself. And when women want more than their job, they can forge their own path and play on their own field as entrepreneurs.Myth 4: A Small Business Consumes More Time Than a Corporate JobA long-standing assumption is that running one’s own business means having to work extremely long hours. This added pressure is at odds with the traditional role women are expected to play in running the house and raising kids. Many women entrepreneurs disagree and make the case for the opportunity to achieve a better work-life balance since one does not have to adhere to the long hours mandated by corporate work. Instead, the entrepreneur has the freedom to manage her schedule better and align it with her other responsibilities to create a harmonious work day.Myth 5: A Woman Entrepreneur’s Children and Family Will Suffer When managed properly, the busy life of an entrepreneur can make one a more effective parent. Many female entrepreneurs admit that work is never out of your mind when the business is your own, but you are able to create a schedule where you can be there for your kids as well as for your business. In addition, some entrepreneurs believe that the time their kids spend at her workplace helps them to see an example work ethic and to believe in it.Issues to Consider before Starting a BusinessA new business is a daunting prospect. There are special issues to consider for women in particular, but if they are clear on what is important in both their personal and professional lives, than it is easier to begin and manage a new business. There are four key things women must do and consider before taking the plunge into their new venture.1) Define Success for YourselfIn today’s world of social media pervasiveness, there is the danger of falling into the comparison trap. Instead of getting jealous of or disheartened by others’ apparent success, you need to take the time to define what success looks like for yourself. For some it may mean the time and freedom to pick up y our kids from school, others may value being present for dinner and evening times, while still others may have business ideas that will need time and patience to grow to success. Whatever the case, the business should fit in with the vision you have for your life and not the other way around.2) Consider Family and KidsWomen are most often the primary caregiver for children as well as being responsible for the running of the household. Before stepping into the new business, it is worthwhile to consider the time commitment and uncertainty that is bound to follow, and what it will mean for your family. This is not meant as discouragement. In fact, much of the stress from being a working, entrepreneurial parent can be alleviated if there has been careful planning and adequate forethought into practical matters.3) Prepare Your Mind for BattleStarting a business is a tough time for anyone, be it man or woman. You will be challenged in ways you never foresaw and you will need to stretch yo urself further than you ever thought possible. In order to meet the challenges of the new business as well as balance your life and family, you need to take proper care of your mind, body and spirit. This is vital when you are to stand at the helm and take responsibility for the direction and success of your venture.4) Choose Your Team CarefullyIn order for the company to function well and for the entrepreneur to balance work and life, there needs to be a strong, competent and well-functioning team in place. It is a good idea to list the attributes that will be important in your chosen team. In addition, you need to be prepared to make tough decisions that people may or may not like. The line between being easy to work with and being able to set boundaries as the one in charge is a difficult one to walk. A good team should have a great attitude, a strong work ethic and a flexible approach to solving problems.HOW TO ENCOURAGE WOMEN TO START A COMPANYWith an understanding of issues an d hurdles that hold women back from starting their own businesses, there are some important ways that these women can be encouraged to step into this arena. These include providing information on the key basics of starting a new business, turning myths into strengths, and good mentoring programs.Key Steps in Starting a BusinessThe number of women starting and running their own businesses is steadily growing. Whether the business idea is home-based or run from a commercial office, a few key steps can help successfully get the business off the ground.Planning: The first step, before anything else, is to assess how feasible the business idea is. The way to do this is most often to write up a detailed and formal business plan. However, this can also be done informally by brainstorming on a piece of paper. The main questions to ask and answer include an assessment of the need and demand for the product/service to be sold, potential competition, potential target and niche markets as well as demographics.Permits and Licenses: Almost all businesses will require some sort of permit or license. Businesses such as a hair salon, a medical practice, architecture firm, etc. will also require an occupational license. The exact nature of these permits and licenses will depend on the type of business as well as the exact location, since different areas have different business requirements.Funding: One of the biggest concerns for a potential entrepreneur is funding and where to secure it from. Many countries have business loan programs for women to help start a business. Apart from specific women-centered loans, funding options include bank loans, savings, investors and borrowing from friends and family. The amount of funding required initially will depend on the nature of the product or service, as well as the scope of the operation.Policies: Whether the business is big or small, home-based or commercial or with other employees, there will need to be policies in place to ensur e that everything runs smoothly. These could include fees and payment policies for clients, product delivery times, return or exchange policies, or usage policies. The best interest of both clients and the business, along with safety and satisfaction, need to be kept in mind when developing these policies.Promotion: Once the business is set up and operational issues sorted, it will be time to bring in customers. This will require a detailed and pointed marketing and promotional plan for the business. This has become an easier task with the proliferation of social media. However, with increased and instant reach, it is also more complicated to find just the right medium of communication for your business and its target market. To meet suppliers, peers and potential retailers, networking and joining local business associations may be a good idea.Turning Supposed Weaknesses into StrengthDespite the increasing percentage of women as business owners, there are still substantial obstacles that these women have to face just because of being female. Some of these challenges and how to overcome them is discussed below.Women Entrepreneurs Want to Act Like MenWomen entrepreneurs and small business heads often find themselves outnumbered in industry events and meetings. To compensate for this intimidating scenario, these women often find safety in displaying stereotypical male executive behaviors. These include a competitive, aggressive and overly harsh attitude. One founder and CEO disagrees with this behavior, however. Hilary Genga of swimwear company Trunkettes, suggests that instead of this wrong approach, women should try a more natural approach.Be yourself, and have confidence in who you are,   Genga says. Dont try to be a man. You made it to where you are through hard work and perseverance, but most importantly, youre there. Dont conform yourself to a mans idea of what a leader should look like.Another CEO, Sharon Rowlands of ReachLocal, believes that the key to su ccess in any situation is confidence. In her early days of being appointed CEO, Rowlands felt that all her ideas were subject to more scrutiny than other male colleagues. But instead of letting this discourage her, she maintained her confidence in her abilities to run a business effectively.I just made sure that any initiative I was trying to move forward was backed up by a solid business case. I was never unprepared for the questions that I knew would come. I [also] think many women naturally have extraordinary common sense, a sharp intuitive sense and a great focus on people. These are extremely valuable in business and can help to set us apart as leaders.Women-Led Startups Receive Significantly Less Investor FundingAmong the different methods for gathering funds for a startup, pitching to investors is one of the most difficult ones. For firms owned by women, this challenge is even greater. Less than 3 percent of venture capital funded companies have a female CEO, according to a 2 014 Babson College study. According to CEO and founder of Full Circle CRM, Bonnie Crater, there is a tendency among venture capitalists to support their own tribe. This means a venture capitalist from Harvard will support a business run by a Harvard alumnus. This may apply to women as well, but there are only a handful of venture capital firms with women partners. Instead, Crater suggests offsetting this tendency through a great team and a solid business plan. Emotions and Nurturing Skills will Affect Women’s BusinessesWhere forced traits of men are not a guarantee for success, stereotypical feminine traits should not be allowed to stand in the way of getting things done. The naturally nurturing and emotional nature of women can be a hindrance to the running of a business. Delia Passi, CEO of WomenCertified, feels that where men may remain fixated only on the bottom line, women can become emotionally connected which may hold them back from making tough decisions such as being quic k to fire or making similar dramatic business changes. Women tend to pay more attention to building relationships and these professional connections can be very important for success and long-term clients. However, women also need to be direct and stay focused on business goals.Women Often Lack Support of Other Female Business LeadersSarah Bryar, founder of eyewear boutique Rivet Sway, feels that the main challenge for female entrepreneurs is that there aren’t enough of them. This means a lack of women as role models, those who can act as sounding boards or do deals with. All this is needed to create a normal situation for women in leadership positions.Opportunities to lead do exist for women,   Bryar says. We just need to continue to support and promote women in the limelight to encourage others to come along for the ride.Many Women Have to Balance Their Families and Their BusinessesFor all entrepreneurs, work-life balance is a constant issue. But for mothers especially, this is a difficult situation to manage. Both new businesses and families require a lot of attention and care. Hilary Genga says that she has learned not to let shortcomings on either end bother her and to not beat herself up over little things. There are ways to balance both challenges, but there is an existing perception that you would be more successful if there were no kids vying for your attention.Women Entrepreneurs are Afraid of FailureThe fear of failure is cited as a top concern for women who start their own business. This was reported in Babson College’s 2012 Global Entrepreneur Monitor. Delia Passi agrees that though the fear of failure is a very real possibility in any business venture, it need not be taken as a negative. Instead, there should be an effort to work through those moments of self-doubt that plague every business owner at some point.You need to have massive failure to have massive success,   Passi says. You may need 100 nos to get one yes, but that one yes will m ake you more successful tomorrow than you were today.Funding OptionsAccording to authors (A Rising Tide: Financial Strategies for Women-Owned Firms) Susan Coleman and Alicia Robb, women who run businesses may face hurdles that are not encountered by men. One of their findings is that women looking for first-year financing will receive 80 percent less capital than men. Generally, women feel that finding financing is the hardest part of their launch.Resources to UsePersonal Savings The first place people look to fund their business is their own savings. However, women often tend to earn less so have a smaller savings amount to tap.Loans from Banks and Credit Unions This is another main source for funding for women, and women are now less likely to be rejected for these loans. This makes the loan avenue a good one to explore. With a solid business plan, great credit score and credit record the chances of securing a loan are high.Home Equity Credit Lines or Loans Another idea is to u se a home equity loan. It is possible to borrow 75 to 80 percent of the value of the home minus the remaining owed mortgage amount. A credit line will mean money in increments, while a loan will be a lump sum.Relatives and Friends Family members and friends are a good source of funding as this can mean an interest-free or a low interest loan. A legal contract to ensure no issues at a later stage is a good idea when using this mode of funding.Angel Investors and Venture Capital Firms In return for equity or fractional ownership, a venture firm will provide financing. These investors are approached often and are very careful with money, making them tough sells when it comes to a business. Very few women rely on this form of financing, however. One reason for this may be that the field of venture financing is dominated by men and it is hard to break into this club.Crowdfunding Many successful products have found their financing via crowdfunding campaigns run through various crowdfun ding platforms. People who believe in the project put in small amounts in return for small rewards and tokens. There are many different types of crowdfunding websites and the right one should be selected based on careful consideration of all rules and regulations.Economic Development Programs With some research this can be a great avenue for funding. Getting certified as a women-owned business can allow access to specific funds designated for women in business.Grant Programs for Women Business grants for for-profit and nonprofit businesses can also be a good source of funds for women starting their own venture. These can be explored on local business association websites as well as government websites.Resources to AvoidThere are also two sources of funds that should be avoided at all costs. These are:Credit Cards The double digit interest rates of most credit cards make them an unfeasible method to fund businesses. It is also very easy to get into credit card trouble.Retirement F unds No matter how exciting or lucrative a business opportunity may appear, it is not worth dipping into any retirement funds. This may lead to owed income taxes and other penalties. Apart from this, your future financial security will be compromised.MentoringMany  women lack strong, positive female mentors and role models. This translates into a lack of proper direction and guidance that can otherwise prove invaluable to a new business owner. To achieve this, women need to attempt to find a few different mentors to help them manage their personal and professional lives effectively.Choosing a mentor is a very important endeavor made difficult by the lack of pool to choose from when it comes to women. However, with the rising tide of female entrepreneurs in the market, this is set to change. A good mentor should be one whose work you admire, who shows strong leadership abilities and is an inspiration to both you and others that she encounters. In addition, she should be able to offe r solutions to and insights into obstacles and opportunities. These women are experts within their fields and can share their experience as well as cheer you on toward your finish line. Five good reasons to have a mentor are:Accountability A good, strong mentor will hold you accountable to ensure that no vital aspects of the business are neglected. She will hold you responsible and answerable for your actions as well as help you set realistic goals and manage time.Defining and Reaching Goals A good mentor will be able to help you not only define what goals are to be achieved, but also help you reach these goals. Goals may be both short-term and long-term.Provide a New Perspective The mentor is close enough to be invested in your decisions but far enough to remain objective in her views, advice and opinions. If there are roadblocks or plateaus in the business, the mentor will be able to bring a fresh pair of eyes to the table to help you see a clearer picture of the future of the company.Sounding Board A mentor becomes a trustworthy confidant with whom to discuss problems and find solutions. The mentor becomes a brainstorming partner.Advisor With a wealth of experience, the mentor can help grow the business through various situations and challenges. A veteran can help come up with new ideas when a mental block is reached or help you make key business decisions.BUSINESS IDEAS FOR WOMENWomen can set out and make any sort of business idea a success if they move ahead with proper planning, dedication and perseverance. Some ideas to get started are listed below:Baby ProductsThis is a rising industry, especially through online sales. The online aspect can help keep costs low by eliminating the need for a brick and mortar establishment. This market is predicted to see a 5.4 percent growth from 2012 to 2016. Experienced mothers or not, the right research can help design the perfect product, from eco-friendly products to organic baby food or unique clothing and acc essories.Blog/Website/CommunityBlogging is picking up as a profitable line of work with the increasing popularity of social media. If you are a parent, a parenting blog that discusses key issues with raising children in today’s society could be the right idea for you. Apart from this, there are millions of topics the blog can be centered around. The idea is to pick what you are an expert in or have a passion for.TutoringThis flexible business opportunity can be a good idea for those parents who want to balance their home life with a small side business. Key traits required are patience and an interest in the success and failure of others. Tutoring sessions can also be offered online via Skype.Event PlanningIf you are creative, organized and a people person, then this may be the best business for you. This business can be started small by first working for friends and family, moving on to referrals and then eventually growing the business further.Coaching ServicesIf you have the ri ght training and like to help people, a career as a coach may be the right one. Depending on your area of interest, you could become a life coach, a health coach, a career guide or many others. Great communication skills and a compassionate listening ear are important traits for this job.Business ConsultingWith extensive experience in a particular industry, a business consulting gig may be a great one for you. A consultant solves issues, identifies problems before they escalate and provides advice for decision-making.IT ConsultingIT consulting is now relevant to almost any type of business out there. Everyone needs IT support at some point in time, but not everyone is keen to hire a big budget firm for this help. A tech background is obviously key here, and a small trouble-shooting and support business can be started from home. Apart from this, a consultant could help businesses transition new software or hardware into everyday operations.Build AppsA very small percentage of app dev elopers happen to be women. This does not mean that women should stay away from this line of work. Instead, apps can be developed on contract for others, or on an independent basis and then sold to others.Color ExpertMost women have a great eye for color. Add this to working knowledge of color psychology and a business idea is born. Businesses with branding needs, architects and interior decorators are a good place to start finding clients.Editorial ServicesWith an interest in reading and writing and skills in editing, a home-based editorial job can be the right place for you. Work could include copywriting, web content generation and writing for magazines and other media outlets. Editing work can include books, websites, periodicals and more. SUCCESSFUL WOMEN-RUN BUSINESSESA nonprofit membership group, Women President’s Organization, released a list of the 50 fastest growing women-owned companies in the United States. These businesses made a total of $3.2 billion in revenues in 2 012, with an average of 612 employees each.Women are growing very substantial businesses, and not in the traditional areas that youd expect women to be in,   says Marsha Firestone, president and founder of WPO, citing a concentration of manufacturing, staffing and consulting businesses on the list. Women dont just bake cookies and make crafts. Theyre starting businesses that can be scaled.Shazi Visram â€" Happy Family (New York, NY)This company makes organic packaged meals and snacks for a range of ages. The company was launched in 2006 and generated $63 million in revenue in 2012.Kathy Mills, Strategic Communications (Louisville, KY)This company provides communication and IT services to clients that include businesses and government agencies. The company reported gross revenues of $42 million in 2012, which was an 80 percent growth in revenues since 2010.Shelly Sun, BrightStar Franchising LLC (Gurnee, IL)This company is a health-care staffing franchisor, created in 2002. It has off ices in 250 locations around the US and reported $212 million in gross revenues from 2012-2013.Tiffany Crenshaw, Intellect Resources (Greensboro, NC)This company provides consulting, recruiting and hiring solutions to businesses in the healthcare IT market. Gross revenues grew from $1.5 million in 2010 to $30 million in 2012.June Ressler, Cenergy International Services LLC (Houston, TX)This company provides workforce solutions to clients in oil and gas. Services include consulting and logistics management. Begun in 1996, the company reported gross revenues of $250 million in 2012.Sue Bhatia, Rose International Inc. (Chesterfield, MO)This company provides IT professional services and consulting services. It was started in 1993 and gross revenues rose 50 percent from 2010 to 2012 to $360 million.Kathleen Croddick, Suite K (South Brunswick, NJ)This company manufactures beauty products such as fragrances, creams and lotions. Revenue grew 150 percent to $13 million from 2010 to 2012.Lani Hay, Lanmark Technology (Vienna, VA)This company provides professional services such as IT and admin support. Clients include those in the government as well as commercial sectors. In 2012, gross revenue was reported as $35 million.Ranjini Poddar, Artech Information Systems LLC (Cedar Knolls, NJ)This is the largest IT staffing company in the United States that is owned by a woman. Gross revenues were nearly $350 million in the 2012-2013 period.

Assessment of the Role of Leadership in Promoting Innovation and Creativity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1392 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this essay is to assess the role of leadership in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace. Organizational culture is a very important factor that affects the innovation and the creativity of an organization. Google wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be so successful in technological innovation without its excellent organizational culture that gives the opportunity to its employees to work hard and innovate. Leadership has also a strong effect on the organizational culture of a company. A good leader must encourage, motivate and inspire his employees to be more creative and innovative. When Steve Jobs left from Apple, the organizational culture of the company was no longer the same and Apple failed to maintain its great success. Leadership The Example of Apple Leadership is defined as a person ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and work with other s to initiate changes that will create a viable future for the organization (Ireland and Hitt, 2005). The role of an organizational leader is to define the organizational goals, formulate plans and organize people to achieve the goals through the execution of plans. Another important role of a leader is to encourage the innovation and creativity within his company. Many people believe that leaders are born and not made such as Steve Jobs who is one of the best examples of good leadership in action. He is a very persistent leader because after he was kicked out from his own company Apple, he didn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t give up but he started a new company called Next Computers which eventually was acquired by Apple Computers Inc and Jobs became for once more the leader of Apple. If Steve Jobs was not a leader but an ordinary person he would have given up and spend the rest of his life being sad about his loss. The best characteristic of a good leader is innovation. Steve Jobs saw the pow er of innovation when he started his company and he created some of the most famous innovative technological products such as the iPod, iPhone and iPad. He wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be able to build all those innovative products by himself so he created an organizational culture that would be able to promote innovation and creativity within his company. The organizational culture of Apple is quite simple. Steve Jobs is setting a goal for his employees as for example the creation of the iPhone and he gives them the opportunity and the freedom to experiment and make mistakes in order to achieve innovation. The most successful and well known leaders are characterized by being constantly up with new ideas and have constant innovation in alignment with their mission in whatever industry they are. Leadership is very important to organizations because it is essential for building, encouraging and promoting a strong organizational culture. The example of Steve Jobs proved that leadership ha s a very important role in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace. Apple would have failed without its main leader Steve Jobs because he created the organizational culture of Apple which led to the creation of so many innovative products. Organizational Culture The Example of Google Organizational culture has been defined as  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ (Strategic Management, 2001). Organizational culture is very important for the business and its employees. These days we spend more than 40 hours per week in our work and many people spend more time with those they work with than their family. In order to be happy and productive we don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t need money only but a nice working environment with a good org anizational culture. We are all looking for a work that is enjoyable, meaningful and engaging. We don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t want to go to work and look our clock waiting for the time to leave and go home. When we are interested in our work we are more productive and more willing and able to satisfy our customers. Focusing on building a good organizational culture is the best way to show that people are the organization ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s most valuable asset. Organizational culture is not important for people only but for the business itself. One of the most important criteria that employees look at when assessing an organization is the organizational culture because employees don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t want only a good salary and benefits they also want an environment where they can enjoy, improve their skills and succeed in. The benefits of a business with good organizational culture is not only that it can attract experienced and talented employees but also it can help them improve thems elves by giving them the appropriate attention and the right opportunities to develop their skills. The best example of a successful company with an excellent organizational culture is Google. Google is one of the few companies that successfully blended technological innovation with strong organizational culture and this is the reason that it is one of the top 100 companies to work for according to Fortune magazine (2007). Google ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s culture is ethical, customer-responsive, and spiritual. It encourages its employees to be creative in problem solving which can be considered as a risk. Google employees have a sense of team instead of self which encourages them to work together to achieve goals rather than compete against each other which would have led them to unethical behavior. Google ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s employees are allowed the freedom to make decisions that benefit Google users. Google is known for  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½thinking outside of the box ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½. It encourages its employees to have fun with their job by creating a working environment which looks like a playground for children. Google increases its employees ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ motivation for work and it establishes a culture that creates individuals that have the desire and the motivation to stay and work with the company. The secret behind its success is that it gives enough freedom to its employees to encourage them work harder and be more innovative and productive. Innovation involves a lot of risk taking decisions and it is very important that the leader and the organizational culture of the company will support those decisions. Leadership and Organizational Culture Organizational culture is very important to a company ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s innovation and creativity. It is clearly enough that both Apple and Google wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be so successful and innovative without their strong and effective organizational culture. What we have learned from the example of App le is that organizational culture on itself it can ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t promote innovation and creativity. A good leader is needed in order to inspire and guide his employees towards innovation and creativity. This is something that Steve Jobs has proved all these years. From 1985 to 1996 when Jobs left and became again the leader of his company, Apple suffered from a great loss because it stopped being innovative. From 1996 to present Apple is considered one of the most innovative companies in the world because of Steve Jobs. The numbers speak for themselves in 1996 Apple had -816 million dollars net profits and in 2009 it had 5.704 million dollars net profits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.#cite_note-34). It is clearly enough that the leader is one with the organizational culture of his company. A good leader has not only to set the goals for his company but he must also make sure that these goals will be achieved. The employees of a company follow the steps of their leader if their leader is innovative and creative then they will try to be also innovative and creative and if their leader is just lazy then they will also be lazy. The leader is responsible for the atmosphere and the working environment of the company. A company is like a mirror of its leader if the leader is creative and innovative then his company and its organizational culture will also be creative and innovative. Conclusion The conclusion is that organizational culture and leadership are interdepended. It is impossible for a company to have excellent leadership and bad organizational culture or to have excellent organizational culture and bad leadership in the same time. Therefore the role of leadership in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace is very critical. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessment of the Role of Leadership in Promoting Innovation and Creativity" essay for you Create order

Comparison of Hierarchical and Relational Databases

Hierarchical and relational databases are two different manners in which to store and organize data that also allow management and utilization of that data. There are essential aspects that any database should be able to provide, those of creating, reading, updating and deleting data. Upon becoming familiar with how each database is set up, it is important to look at the advantages and disadvantages of each model in determining which type of database one would want to utilize. The hierarchical database is one of the oldest types of database models. It is structured with parent/child relationships, where one parent category of data can have many children categories of data but any child category of data can only have one parent (Hsiao,†¦show more content†¦Bradley, Mascaro, and Santhakumar (2005) found that a relational database worked best for them when they sought a solution to their data storage and access issues in their trial-based experiments. Their difï ¬ culty was i n ï ¬ nding a database structure was complex enough to be applicable to any experiment yet speciï ¬ c enough to contain the data with sufï ¬ cient structure. While their database was designed specifically for neurophysiological data collected from monkeys, they found that the ability to add and delete data easily and the ability to join different tables in allowed it to be of best use to them. Since human psychophysical experiments have those same needs those labs can populate and access the same database structure by the mechanisms that would best suit their needs. The relational database does have some drawbacks. For example, it may take more time to search for data than some other methods (Heberling, 2008). The relational database would not be the best option if the application used with the database required a special data topology (Stephens, 2009). 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The Biggest Migration in Global History Free Essays

In 1886, the Statue of â€Å"Liberty Enlightening the World,† a gift from the people of France, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. Set at the entrance of New York, the statue was just in time to greet the biggest migration in global history. Between the years of 1860-1910, more than twenty-two million immigrants had entered the country . We will write a custom essay sample on The Biggest Migration in Global History or any similar topic only for you Order Now This influx of immigration became known as the New Immigration. Industrialization had taken over agriculture and American industries were experiencing one of their greatest booms, thus a greater demand for workers . Immigrants from all over Europe came in hopes of securing for themselves money to return home with, or in some cases, a permanent position in a country of abundant opportunity. Although this increase in immigration eventually led to restrictive immigration laws, ultimately, this group of â€Å"New Immigrants† not only provided a much-needed economic service, but also added to the diversity of our â€Å"melting-pot† country. The promise of immediate employment and political and economic freedom were more than enough reasons to entice immigrants to come to the United States; in 1864, some 194,000 immigrants landed in America . Until 1897, ninety percent of all overseas immigrants arrived mostly from northern and western Europe, primarily from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia . Most of these new immigrants came from lands with democratic traditions and education systems and were welcomed by the native-born Americans because they possessed much needed industrial skills. The new immigrants, primarily the Scandinavians, used the Homestead Act to receive land in the Midwest and start small farms . They had families and skills to offer and were not a migrant group; they planned to stay and make it in America. However, by 1905, partially encouraged by the new technology of steamships and cheaper ocean passage rates, the number of immigrants had risen to 1,285,000 people annually . More than a million immigrants arrived in each of the years 1905, 1907, and 1910, some fleeing the â€Å"pogroms† (organized massacres) taking place in Eastern Europe, and others seeking a life that they could never have within the borders of their poverty-stricken countries . These later immigrants, arriving from southern and eastern Europe, were Czechs, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Slovaks and Russian, as well as Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, and Rumanians. Approximately ten percent of them were Jews fleeing from the repressive policies of Czarist Russia under Alexander III, although Roman and Orthodox Catholics were among the arrivals . The masses of immigrants were overwhelming. By 1887, it became obvious that Castle Garden (immigrant receiving station) was too small to process the large numbers of immigrants pouring into the country . Castle Garden had because so small, that criminals were simply hanging out at the receiving station to rob the immigrants inside, instead of waiting for them to get on the streets. Thus, the government built Ellis Island and immigrants continued pouring in. The number of immigrants was so great that by 1910 immigrants and their families composed over half the total population of 18 major cities . In Chicago, eight out of ten residents were immigrants or children of immigrants . The response to these newcomers was unfriendly and inhospitable. The Americans who saw their job security challenged by immigrants that were willing to work longer hours for lower wages did not welcome them. The newcomers did not have the same culture as the first immigrants that had come from Northern and Western Europe. Most lacked skills and very few spoke English, some could not read or write in any language. The Slavic and Polish (excluding Jewish) immigrant groups were viewed as unskilled, illiterate, and transient and were seen as a bigger threat to American institutions than the other European ethnic groups. They were not ambitious people, tended to keep to themselves, and were opposed to the American idea of materialism. Many of the Slavs and Poles distrusted American public schools; they withdrew their children from school and encouraged them to seek training in a trade, thus allowing a high rate of dropouts. Likewise, Italians were discriminated against because they also provided cheap labor and, naturally of a clannish nature, tended to move and settle as a group in Italian communities where they only worked with fellow countrymen and did not learn the ways of urban life. Americans thought that Italians did not assimilate into the American culture well since they held on their old-country traditions and cultures so strongly. Assimilation was important to the Americans because they were fearful of the change that came with other cultures, not to mention their resentment towards the new languages already replacing English in several parts of the cities. The Italians also brought the Mafia, which although in Italy enforced justice, came under the control of criminals in the US, and became known for racketeering, blackmail, and extortion. The immigrants were blamed for creating disorder and violence in the cities, and in general, were thought to be â€Å"birds of passage† who would use the American economy to make their fortunes, then return to their native land taking American dollars. The ever-growing influx of immigrants disturbed many native-born Americans who were annoyed by the newcomers† appearance and way of life. They expected these people, no matter what their place of origin, to conform to Anglo-Saxon patterns of behavior and to cherish the institutions of America. These anti-immigrant, nativist, sentiments, and the hatred and prejudice toward these immigrants led to the passing of immigration laws that greatly restricted the flow of immigration . The first restrictive law prevented immigration of lunatics, criminals, polygamists, people with diseases, and those likely to be public charges. In August of 1882, the first federal immigration law was adopted. This law put a head tax on all immigrant passengers. In February of 1885, a law prohibiting the importation of contract labor, called the Foran Act, was enacted. In 1906, leaders of the Boston Immigration Restriction League used the arguments of racial superiority to limit immigration. Finally, in 1924, the Fundamentalists succeeded in passing the National Origins act, which allowed the US to restrict the number of immigrants to 164,000 a year, and also favor immigrants from Western Europe over those from Eastern Europe . Many American believed that these immigration restrictions were necessary to keep the American institution cities from deteriorating. The population living in cities of over 30,000 increased from ten percent of the total in 1860 to more than twenty-five percent of the total US population by 1900 . The pressure of the tremendous inflow of immigrants quickly outstripped the ability of the nation†s established institutions to cope with them. Already poor in the Old Country, for the most part, they arrived in America penniless and made their homes in the growing tenements of America†s major cities. The severe strain on the housing situation coupled with discriminatory practices eventually led to the creation of ghettos. Women and children were often sent to work to contribute to the survival of the family, old-world views that eventually led to wholesale exploitation of child labor. Poverty on a never-before-seen scale became the norm in America†s urban centers. Perplexed, poor, and lacking knowledge of the American lifestyle, these immigrants were used as a low-paid labor force for dirty jobs that nobody else wanted and felt the harshness of Industrialism the most. They did not know their bosses, class animosity often divided management and labor, and their interests and wants were of little concern to the corporations. Because these people did not have the proper education, many of them remained unskilled or semi-unskilled throughout their lives. Although many could not attain the work skills they needed, they gained many other things. By the early 1900†³s, ninety percent of those who could not speak English learned to do so in less than ten years after they arrived, and only a third was still illiterate . Despite their many hardships, the new immigrants were determined to make it in the New World. For example, the Slavs† ability to take the worst jobs and stick with them enabled them to become one of the top two ethnic groups representing employees of America†s leading industries . It was the clashing of old-world views with those of new-world ideas that forced compromises that helped to advance social and political thoughts. The cities would not have grown without people to provide cheap labor in the factories, and it was the willingness to provide a cheap source of labor and to work the most difficult and menial jobs that helped enable the United Stated to make the economic gains that she made. How to cite The Biggest Migration in Global History, Essay examples

Paradise Lost Connections Still Used Today Essays -

Paradise Lost: Connections Still Used Today "Put that down... NOW!" As many of us have grown older, familiar phrases return to us that were instilled during our childhood. These ideas taught us how to grow and learn within the world. Just As our Parents taught us these words, God taught Satan and everyone under him ideas for their further growth and enrichment. "Paradise Lost" contains connections which are still used today. "Paradise Lost's" initial connections begin with the awesome power of God. Another connection states Satan being the root of all evil. The final connection refers to the forgiveness of God. Paradise Lost's ideas and connections have been in use since this epic poem has been written. The initial idea of "Paradise Lost" states that God is all powerful. God's supreme power is shown throughout "Paradise Lost": "Him [Satan] the Almighty Power Hurled headlong flaming from the etherneal[sp.] sky" by God is only one example of God's supreme power. Satan even admits to God's almighty power - "I now of force believe almighty, since no less than such could have o'erpowered such force as ours." - after losing an entire battle force of Angels to him. God being all powerful is evident within the Catholic and many other faiths as they pray for his power to extend unto themselves. The power of God helps to stir within all, Catholics especially, a feeling of strength. This strength comes from knowing God shares his power among each of us. His power is shared amongst us because we do not doubt him or tempt him, as Satan did. As Satan witnessed firsthand, many people dare not risk angering God to his fullest extent. Another idea of "Paradise Lost" states that Satan is the root of all the evil in the world. John Milton shows this idea in several places within the story. For example, "The infernal Serpent; whose guile, stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived The mother of mankind..." enlightens us on what started this war by Satan - greed. "While he sought evil to others" displays the evil rooted within Satan. Even today, we follow these ideas about Satan being the root of all evil. This evil force in most cases is Satan. Satan has been despised since the dawn of time and has always been looked down upon by the higher communities for his type of evil force he emits. The final idea of "Paradise Lost" is that the God refers to himself as being forgiving. God did not simply kill Satan, his "mind and spirit remains invincible". Where God's awesome power is shown to have wiped Satan out, his forgiving nature helped Satan survive. This is the heart of many religions or faiths today, that God forgives us all. The fact that God forgives our sins and helps us to continue by not killing us as was his choice with Satan, proves this. Satan's sins also reinforces our Christian ideas that God will forgive us, no matter what crime we commit against him (or others). God is truly a forgiving being. "Paradise Lost" has provided insight and ideas that have been followed and continued for hundreds of years. The basic ideas of God have been placed as examples for this poem. We learn to be kind to God, yet not fall within Satan's clutches ... yet God will forgive us if the evil catches up with us. This can only done by one almighty power, God.