Assessment of the Role of Leadership in Promoting Innovation and Creativity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1392 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this essay is to assess the role of leadership in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace. Organizational culture is a very important factor that affects the innovation and the creativity of an organization. Google wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be so successful in technological innovation without its excellent organizational culture that gives the opportunity to its employees to work hard and innovate. Leadership has also a strong effect on the organizational culture of a company. A good leader must encourage, motivate and inspire his employees to be more creative and innovative. When Steve Jobs left from Apple, the organizational culture of the company was no longer the same and Apple failed to maintain its great success. Leadership The Example of Apple Leadership is defined as a person ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and work with other s to initiate changes that will create a viable future for the organization (Ireland and Hitt, 2005). The role of an organizational leader is to define the organizational goals, formulate plans and organize people to achieve the goals through the execution of plans. Another important role of a leader is to encourage the innovation and creativity within his company. Many people believe that leaders are born and not made such as Steve Jobs who is one of the best examples of good leadership in action. He is a very persistent leader because after he was kicked out from his own company Apple, he didn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t give up but he started a new company called Next Computers which eventually was acquired by Apple Computers Inc and Jobs became for once more the leader of Apple. If Steve Jobs was not a leader but an ordinary person he would have given up and spend the rest of his life being sad about his loss. The best characteristic of a good leader is innovation. Steve Jobs saw the pow er of innovation when he started his company and he created some of the most famous innovative technological products such as the iPod, iPhone and iPad. He wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be able to build all those innovative products by himself so he created an organizational culture that would be able to promote innovation and creativity within his company. The organizational culture of Apple is quite simple. Steve Jobs is setting a goal for his employees as for example the creation of the iPhone and he gives them the opportunity and the freedom to experiment and make mistakes in order to achieve innovation. The most successful and well known leaders are characterized by being constantly up with new ideas and have constant innovation in alignment with their mission in whatever industry they are. Leadership is very important to organizations because it is essential for building, encouraging and promoting a strong organizational culture. The example of Steve Jobs proved that leadership ha s a very important role in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace. Apple would have failed without its main leader Steve Jobs because he created the organizational culture of Apple which led to the creation of so many innovative products. Organizational Culture The Example of Google Organizational culture has been defined as  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ (Strategic Management, 2001). Organizational culture is very important for the business and its employees. These days we spend more than 40 hours per week in our work and many people spend more time with those they work with than their family. In order to be happy and productive we don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t need money only but a nice working environment with a good org anizational culture. We are all looking for a work that is enjoyable, meaningful and engaging. We don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t want to go to work and look our clock waiting for the time to leave and go home. When we are interested in our work we are more productive and more willing and able to satisfy our customers. Focusing on building a good organizational culture is the best way to show that people are the organization ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s most valuable asset. Organizational culture is not important for people only but for the business itself. One of the most important criteria that employees look at when assessing an organization is the organizational culture because employees don ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t want only a good salary and benefits they also want an environment where they can enjoy, improve their skills and succeed in. The benefits of a business with good organizational culture is not only that it can attract experienced and talented employees but also it can help them improve thems elves by giving them the appropriate attention and the right opportunities to develop their skills. The best example of a successful company with an excellent organizational culture is Google. Google is one of the few companies that successfully blended technological innovation with strong organizational culture and this is the reason that it is one of the top 100 companies to work for according to Fortune magazine (2007). Google ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s culture is ethical, customer-responsive, and spiritual. It encourages its employees to be creative in problem solving which can be considered as a risk. Google employees have a sense of team instead of self which encourages them to work together to achieve goals rather than compete against each other which would have led them to unethical behavior. Google ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s employees are allowed the freedom to make decisions that benefit Google users. Google is known for  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½thinking outside of the box ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½. It encourages its employees to have fun with their job by creating a working environment which looks like a playground for children. Google increases its employees ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ motivation for work and it establishes a culture that creates individuals that have the desire and the motivation to stay and work with the company. The secret behind its success is that it gives enough freedom to its employees to encourage them work harder and be more innovative and productive. Innovation involves a lot of risk taking decisions and it is very important that the leader and the organizational culture of the company will support those decisions. Leadership and Organizational Culture Organizational culture is very important to a company ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s innovation and creativity. It is clearly enough that both Apple and Google wouldn ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t be so successful and innovative without their strong and effective organizational culture. What we have learned from the example of App le is that organizational culture on itself it can ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½t promote innovation and creativity. A good leader is needed in order to inspire and guide his employees towards innovation and creativity. This is something that Steve Jobs has proved all these years. From 1985 to 1996 when Jobs left and became again the leader of his company, Apple suffered from a great loss because it stopped being innovative. From 1996 to present Apple is considered one of the most innovative companies in the world because of Steve Jobs. The numbers speak for themselves in 1996 Apple had -816 million dollars net profits and in 2009 it had 5.704 million dollars net profits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.#cite_note-34). It is clearly enough that the leader is one with the organizational culture of his company. A good leader has not only to set the goals for his company but he must also make sure that these goals will be achieved. The employees of a company follow the steps of their leader if their leader is innovative and creative then they will try to be also innovative and creative and if their leader is just lazy then they will also be lazy. The leader is responsible for the atmosphere and the working environment of the company. A company is like a mirror of its leader if the leader is creative and innovative then his company and its organizational culture will also be creative and innovative. Conclusion The conclusion is that organizational culture and leadership are interdepended. It is impossible for a company to have excellent leadership and bad organizational culture or to have excellent organizational culture and bad leadership in the same time. Therefore the role of leadership in creating an organizational culture that will promote innovation and creativity in the workplace is very critical. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessment of the Role of Leadership in Promoting Innovation and Creativity" essay for you Create order

Comparison of Hierarchical and Relational Databases

Hierarchical and relational databases are two different manners in which to store and organize data that also allow management and utilization of that data. There are essential aspects that any database should be able to provide, those of creating, reading, updating and deleting data. Upon becoming familiar with how each database is set up, it is important to look at the advantages and disadvantages of each model in determining which type of database one would want to utilize. The hierarchical database is one of the oldest types of database models. It is structured with parent/child relationships, where one parent category of data can have many children categories of data but any child category of data can only have one parent (Hsiao,†¦show more content†¦Bradley, Mascaro, and Santhakumar (2005) found that a relational database worked best for them when they sought a solution to their data storage and access issues in their trial-based experiments. Their difï ¬ culty was i n ï ¬ nding a database structure was complex enough to be applicable to any experiment yet speciï ¬ c enough to contain the data with sufï ¬ cient structure. While their database was designed specifically for neurophysiological data collected from monkeys, they found that the ability to add and delete data easily and the ability to join different tables in allowed it to be of best use to them. Since human psychophysical experiments have those same needs those labs can populate and access the same database structure by the mechanisms that would best suit their needs. The relational database does have some drawbacks. For example, it may take more time to search for data than some other methods (Heberling, 2008). The relational database would not be the best option if the application used with the database required a special data topology (Stephens, 2009). Suri and Sharma (2011) found that, though the relational database hasShow MoreRelatedRelational And Non Relational Database Model Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesclearly explain the concept of relational and non-relational databases. Although those literature hightligted varieties of significant theories, this review will attempt to establish a clear meaning of relational and non-relational database Concept, NoSQL data model, ACID and Base properties, CAP Theorem and Scalability. Furthermore, it will attempt to critically evaluate structured and unstructured data, elucidate on the strength and weakness of relational and NoSQL databases and give an overview of theRead MoreDATABASE AND DATABASE MA NAGEMENT SYSTEM1948 Words   |  8 PagesDatabase From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. For example, modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies. DBMS stands for Database Management System. In short, a DBMS is a database program. Technically speaking, it is a software system that uses a standard methodRead MoreData Base Management System13582 Words   |  55 Pages lFile Organization Terms amp; Conceptscomprises a record; A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy t A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and progresses to fields, records, files, and databases. * A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. * A group of bits, called a byte, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol. * A grouping of characters into a word, a groupRead MoreBis 245 Week 8 Final Exam938 Words   |  4 Pagesfilter by selection with a comparison operator. filter by selection with an edit operator. filter by form with a comparison operator. 5. (TCO 1) A Detail line is used to (Points : 5) print more detailed information on one record only. provide additional field information on a record. repeat data for each record in the record source. All of the above 6. (TCO 2) Which of the following is not a database system? (Points : 5) Hierarchical Network Relational SQL 7. (TCO 2) A symbolRead MoreComparing Different Data Models And Schemas3587 Words   |  15 Pages TASK 1 – Comparison of different data models and schemas a) Critically compare the following database types (schemas): †¢ Hierarchical †¢ Network †¢ Relational Hierarchical Database Kind of database model which is designed in a hierarchy completely access to data beginning at the highest of hierarchical then changes to down such as customer to order. Also this system relation records together same a family tree that each record has just one owner. The hierarchical typical structure has levelsRead MoreOnula Case Study1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthe individual measurement of the tasks which are the human side, the general population. The way the venture supervisors adapt to the effect of this angle is not the same as individual to individual, yet unquestionably: great relational abilities, receptive outlook, relational/relationship administration, initiative (vision), adaptability are the key aptitudes claimed by fruitful undertaking directors. All in all, I can state that the way to adapting to the structure of the worldwide association isRead MoreTablet Server At Any Point Of Time1806 Words   |  8 Pagesas Write Op commit log, memtable Read Op, Memory, GFS, Tablet Serving, SSTable Files usage reports from energy meters and home appliances) and Time-series data (such as CPU and memory usage over time for multiple servers). Bigtable is not a relational database, it does not support SQL queries or joins, nor does it support multi-row transactions. It is not a good solution for small amounts of data. What is Next? Research is going on for supporting some additional Bigtable features, such as supportRead MoreComputer Software3028 Words   |  13 PagesApplication Software includes programs that do real work for user. Example: Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database Management System etc. Application software consists of the programs for performing tasks particular to the machines utilization. Examples of application software include spreadsheets, database systems, desktop publishing systems, program development software, and games. Application software is generally what we think ofRead MoreData Analysis : Data Cleansing2501 Words   |  11 Pagessource. A lots of work has been done in duplicate detection in structured data such as relational database. But it is just a recently that the focus has been given on duplicate detection in hierarchical and semi structured data such as XML. In this paper we provide an overview of different approaches used for duplicate detection in XML. Keywords: Data cleansing, duplicate detection, XML, data mining, hierarchical data 1. Introduction Data mining has become an important process in many business applicationsRead MoreInvestigation Mysql Database And Neo4j Database9884 Words   |  40 Pages INVESTIGATION IN MYSQL DATABASE AND NEO4J DATABASE ZAHRAA MUSTAFA ABDULRAHMAN AL-ANI JUNE 2015 INVESTIGATION IN MYSQL DATABASE AND NEO4J DATABASE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY BY ZAHRAA MUSTAFA ABDULRAHMAN AL-ANI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCEINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

The Biggest Migration in Global History Free Essays

In 1886, the Statue of â€Å"Liberty Enlightening the World,† a gift from the people of France, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. Set at the entrance of New York, the statue was just in time to greet the biggest migration in global history. Between the years of 1860-1910, more than twenty-two million immigrants had entered the country . We will write a custom essay sample on The Biggest Migration in Global History or any similar topic only for you Order Now This influx of immigration became known as the New Immigration. Industrialization had taken over agriculture and American industries were experiencing one of their greatest booms, thus a greater demand for workers . Immigrants from all over Europe came in hopes of securing for themselves money to return home with, or in some cases, a permanent position in a country of abundant opportunity. Although this increase in immigration eventually led to restrictive immigration laws, ultimately, this group of â€Å"New Immigrants† not only provided a much-needed economic service, but also added to the diversity of our â€Å"melting-pot† country. The promise of immediate employment and political and economic freedom were more than enough reasons to entice immigrants to come to the United States; in 1864, some 194,000 immigrants landed in America . Until 1897, ninety percent of all overseas immigrants arrived mostly from northern and western Europe, primarily from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia . Most of these new immigrants came from lands with democratic traditions and education systems and were welcomed by the native-born Americans because they possessed much needed industrial skills. The new immigrants, primarily the Scandinavians, used the Homestead Act to receive land in the Midwest and start small farms . They had families and skills to offer and were not a migrant group; they planned to stay and make it in America. However, by 1905, partially encouraged by the new technology of steamships and cheaper ocean passage rates, the number of immigrants had risen to 1,285,000 people annually . More than a million immigrants arrived in each of the years 1905, 1907, and 1910, some fleeing the â€Å"pogroms† (organized massacres) taking place in Eastern Europe, and others seeking a life that they could never have within the borders of their poverty-stricken countries . These later immigrants, arriving from southern and eastern Europe, were Czechs, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Slovaks and Russian, as well as Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, and Rumanians. Approximately ten percent of them were Jews fleeing from the repressive policies of Czarist Russia under Alexander III, although Roman and Orthodox Catholics were among the arrivals . The masses of immigrants were overwhelming. By 1887, it became obvious that Castle Garden (immigrant receiving station) was too small to process the large numbers of immigrants pouring into the country . Castle Garden had because so small, that criminals were simply hanging out at the receiving station to rob the immigrants inside, instead of waiting for them to get on the streets. Thus, the government built Ellis Island and immigrants continued pouring in. The number of immigrants was so great that by 1910 immigrants and their families composed over half the total population of 18 major cities . In Chicago, eight out of ten residents were immigrants or children of immigrants . The response to these newcomers was unfriendly and inhospitable. The Americans who saw their job security challenged by immigrants that were willing to work longer hours for lower wages did not welcome them. The newcomers did not have the same culture as the first immigrants that had come from Northern and Western Europe. Most lacked skills and very few spoke English, some could not read or write in any language. The Slavic and Polish (excluding Jewish) immigrant groups were viewed as unskilled, illiterate, and transient and were seen as a bigger threat to American institutions than the other European ethnic groups. They were not ambitious people, tended to keep to themselves, and were opposed to the American idea of materialism. Many of the Slavs and Poles distrusted American public schools; they withdrew their children from school and encouraged them to seek training in a trade, thus allowing a high rate of dropouts. Likewise, Italians were discriminated against because they also provided cheap labor and, naturally of a clannish nature, tended to move and settle as a group in Italian communities where they only worked with fellow countrymen and did not learn the ways of urban life. Americans thought that Italians did not assimilate into the American culture well since they held on their old-country traditions and cultures so strongly. Assimilation was important to the Americans because they were fearful of the change that came with other cultures, not to mention their resentment towards the new languages already replacing English in several parts of the cities. The Italians also brought the Mafia, which although in Italy enforced justice, came under the control of criminals in the US, and became known for racketeering, blackmail, and extortion. The immigrants were blamed for creating disorder and violence in the cities, and in general, were thought to be â€Å"birds of passage† who would use the American economy to make their fortunes, then return to their native land taking American dollars. The ever-growing influx of immigrants disturbed many native-born Americans who were annoyed by the newcomers† appearance and way of life. They expected these people, no matter what their place of origin, to conform to Anglo-Saxon patterns of behavior and to cherish the institutions of America. These anti-immigrant, nativist, sentiments, and the hatred and prejudice toward these immigrants led to the passing of immigration laws that greatly restricted the flow of immigration . The first restrictive law prevented immigration of lunatics, criminals, polygamists, people with diseases, and those likely to be public charges. In August of 1882, the first federal immigration law was adopted. This law put a head tax on all immigrant passengers. In February of 1885, a law prohibiting the importation of contract labor, called the Foran Act, was enacted. In 1906, leaders of the Boston Immigration Restriction League used the arguments of racial superiority to limit immigration. Finally, in 1924, the Fundamentalists succeeded in passing the National Origins act, which allowed the US to restrict the number of immigrants to 164,000 a year, and also favor immigrants from Western Europe over those from Eastern Europe . Many American believed that these immigration restrictions were necessary to keep the American institution cities from deteriorating. The population living in cities of over 30,000 increased from ten percent of the total in 1860 to more than twenty-five percent of the total US population by 1900 . The pressure of the tremendous inflow of immigrants quickly outstripped the ability of the nation†s established institutions to cope with them. Already poor in the Old Country, for the most part, they arrived in America penniless and made their homes in the growing tenements of America†s major cities. The severe strain on the housing situation coupled with discriminatory practices eventually led to the creation of ghettos. Women and children were often sent to work to contribute to the survival of the family, old-world views that eventually led to wholesale exploitation of child labor. Poverty on a never-before-seen scale became the norm in America†s urban centers. Perplexed, poor, and lacking knowledge of the American lifestyle, these immigrants were used as a low-paid labor force for dirty jobs that nobody else wanted and felt the harshness of Industrialism the most. They did not know their bosses, class animosity often divided management and labor, and their interests and wants were of little concern to the corporations. Because these people did not have the proper education, many of them remained unskilled or semi-unskilled throughout their lives. Although many could not attain the work skills they needed, they gained many other things. By the early 1900†³s, ninety percent of those who could not speak English learned to do so in less than ten years after they arrived, and only a third was still illiterate . Despite their many hardships, the new immigrants were determined to make it in the New World. For example, the Slavs† ability to take the worst jobs and stick with them enabled them to become one of the top two ethnic groups representing employees of America†s leading industries . It was the clashing of old-world views with those of new-world ideas that forced compromises that helped to advance social and political thoughts. The cities would not have grown without people to provide cheap labor in the factories, and it was the willingness to provide a cheap source of labor and to work the most difficult and menial jobs that helped enable the United Stated to make the economic gains that she made. How to cite The Biggest Migration in Global History, Essay examples